Darwin College Lecture Series
Darwin College Lecture Series
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The Cultural Revolution - Tania Branigan
The Cultural Revolution is everywhere and nowhere in modern China. It is impossible to make sense of China without understanding what happened in this decade of political fanaticism, brutal violence and chaos, which saw perhaps two million die and tens of millions hounded. But it also seems impossible to truly understand this era, with its constant changes and contradictions. Discussion has been suppressed by both political diktat and personal trauma. Even so, its memory persists.
While many remain deeply scarred by the horrors, there is now a surprising nostalgia for the era. It speaks in large part to concerns about the present day but also reflects the appeal of powerful possibilities for transformation which existed in the era, however briefly and marginally.
What exactly are people remembering when they remember the Cultural Revolution? And how has an era which turned the nation upside down come to be an essential part of the party-state’s maintenance of the political status quo?
Tania Branigan is foreign leader writer at the Guardian and spent seven years as its China correspondent. Her book Red Memory: The Afterlives of China’s Cultural Revolution won the Cundill History Prize 2023 and was shortlisted for the Baillie Gifford prize, the British Academy Book Prize for Global Cultural Understanding and the Kirkus non-fiction prize. It was named as one of the Wall Street Journal’s ten best books of 2023 and TIME ’s 100 must-read books of 2023.
Переглядів: 5 986

Відео

Revolution by Natural Selection - Professor Nick Lane, University College London
Переглядів 26 тис.2 місяці тому
Revolution by Natural Selection: A radical history of life from inside our cells Professor Nick Lane’s research is about how energy flow has shaped evolution over four billion years. He uses a mixture of theoretical and experimental work to address the origin of life, the evolution of complex cells and downright peculiar behaviour such as sex. This lecture will outline how a simple cycle at the...
Worlds turned upside down: Quiet Revolutions in Art - Professor Frances Spalding
Переглядів 4,3 тис.2 місяці тому
This lecture asks why the Western European tradition occupies a hallowed role in world culture. E.H. Gombrich provides one answer to this question in his The Story of Art (1950), with reference to the restlessness within Western culture in comparison with some Eastern cultures that have lasted almost unchanged for a thousand years. His own book has done much to promote the Western view of art, ...
The Exoplanet Revolution - Professor Didier Queloz, University of Cambridge
Переглядів 2 тис.2 місяці тому
Until recently, the solar system provided the only basis for our knowledge of planets and life in the Universe. In 1995 Didier Queloz and Michel Mayor dramatically changed this view with their discovery of the first giant planet outside our solar system. This spawned a revolution in astronomy, both in terms of new instrumentation and in our understanding of planet formation and evolution. Plane...
A Revolution in Thought? - Dr Iain McGilchrist
Переглядів 112 тис.3 місяці тому
A Revolution in Thought? How hemisphere theory helps us understand the metacrisis It is often remarked that though it may seem that we face numerous global crises of different kinds - environmental, social, political, cultural, economic, psychological, and so on - these crises are interrelated. The term ‘metacrisis’ has been invented to describe this predicament. However these crises are not me...
Are Revolutions justified? - Professor Lea Ypi, London School of Economics
Переглядів 12 тис.3 місяці тому
Authors who think about the justifiability of revolution are often divided between those who criticise it on grounds of institutional legalism and those who endorse it on grounds of idealist moralism. Moralists think that since the ends of revolution are right, revolution can never be wrong. Legalists think that since the means of revolution are wrong, revolution can never be right. In this lec...
The Genetic Revolutions - Professor Matthew Cobb, University of Manchester
Переглядів 3 тис.3 місяці тому
There have been many genetic revolutions: The realisation that characteristics could be inherited in the 18th century; Mendel’s experiments on hybrid pea plants in the 1850s; the rediscovery of Mendel’s work in 1903; the identification of the genetic role of DNA in 1944; the discovery of the structure of DNA in 1953; the advent of genetic engineering in 1972. And yet none of these moments was i...
On the Disappointment of Revolutions - Professor Sir Simon Schama, Columbia University
Переглядів 3,9 тис.3 місяці тому
Do revolutions matter? Do they sharply change the course of history or are they programmed for disappointment, or much worse outcomes? Are they mostly a state of mind pumped up with utopian rhetoric or do they profoundly alter the structures they claim to demolish and replace? Are they the necessary engines of progress or a deadweight on its advance? And does the revolutionary temper have anyth...
Darwin College Lecture Series 2024 - Introduction
Переглядів 7624 місяці тому
The organisers of the Darwin College Lecture Series explain how they came over all revolutionary.
Isolation of Atomic Mechanisms: the Choreographer at Play - Professor Sir Harry Bhadeshia
Переглядів 3,1 тис.Рік тому
Isolation of Atomic Mechanisms - the Choreographer at Play. Emeritus Tata Steel Professor of Metallurgy at the University of Cambridge, as well as Professor of Metallurgy at Queen Mary University of London, Harry is a Fellow at Darwin and co-organiser of this year’s lecture series. He was knighted in 2015 in recognition of his development of new forms of steel, including the carbide-free steel ...
The Self-Imposed Isolation of North Korea - Professor Heonik Kwon, University of Cambridge
Переглядів 1,8 тис.Рік тому
North Korea is one of the most secluded societies in today’s world. Its system of rule is often referred to as an enigma of modern politics. This essay asks what has caused this condition of extreme isolation, highlighting the relentless pursuit of a historically durable charismatic political power. The discussion will include Max Weber’s thoughts on the place of charismatic power in modern pol...
Are we alone in the Universe? - Dr Arik Kershenbaum, University of Cambridge
Переглядів 9 тис.Рік тому
Is there intelligent life elsewhere in the universe? If not, does that mean that we humans are utterly alone in creation? Recent technological developments make the discovery of life on other planets almost expected within the coming decades. But most of the inhabited planets we hope to discover may well be populated by no more than alien bacteria. Will that make us feel any less alone? What we...
Isolation and Trapping using Optical Tweezers - Professor Philip Jones, University College London
Переглядів 1 тис.Рік тому
In 2018 Arthur Ashkin was awarded a half share of that year’s Nobel Prize in Physics “for the optical tweezers and their application to biological systems”. The work for which he was recognised had its origins more than thirty years before, and in the years since their invention, the uses of optical tweezers have grown far beyond biological systems, with numerous diverse applications across the...
Antarctica: Isolated Continent - Professor Dame Jane Francis, British Antarctic Survey
Переглядів 2,4 тис.Рік тому
Continents as we know them today emerged as a consequence of the mechanism of plate tectonics, which led to the fragmentation of a super-continent. One such fragment, the Antarctica, now is in the ocean at the South Pole, covered in thick ice-sheets that contrast with its long-past history where it was adorned by forests and inhabited by animals including dinosaurs. It was the natural processes...
The Closeting of Secrets - Physics and Cryptography - Professor Adrian Kent, University of Cambridge
Переглядів 1,6 тис.Рік тому
The definition and properties of information may seem to be fundamental features of the world that are independent of how particles, fields and space-time behave. In fact, though, information is fundamentally physical and twentieth century physics has radically changed our understanding of its nature and properties. Einstein’s relativity theories tell us that information cannot travel faster th...
The Isolation of Asylum Seekers: immigration detention in Australia. Dr Amy Nethery
Переглядів 854Рік тому
The Isolation of Asylum Seekers: immigration detention in Australia. Dr Amy Nethery
Persian Tales of Turtles and Pearls - Professor Christine van Ruymbeke, University of Cambridge
Переглядів 2,2 тис.Рік тому
Persian Tales of Turtles and Pearls - Professor Christine van Ruymbeke, University of Cambridge
X-Rays and Food Safety - Dr Richard Parmee, University of Cambridge
Переглядів 7752 роки тому
X-Rays and Food Safety - Dr Richard Parmee, University of Cambridge
Food as Expression - Mr Alex Rushmer, Chef
Переглядів 6422 роки тому
Food as Expression - Mr Alex Rushmer, Chef
Archaeology and Discovering the Food of the Past - Professor Martin Jones, University of Cambridge
Переглядів 4,1 тис.2 роки тому
Archaeology and Discovering the Food of the Past - Professor Martin Jones, University of Cambridge
Food and Cultural History - Dr Melissa Calaresu, University of Cambridge
Переглядів 6532 роки тому
Food and Cultural History - Dr Melissa Calaresu, University of Cambridge
Food, Power & Society - Ms Sarah Mukherjee, CEO Institute of Environmental Management and Assessment
Переглядів 4082 роки тому
Food, Power & Society - Ms Sarah Mukherjee, CEO Institute of Environmental Management and Assessment
Food and Climate Change - Professor Sarah Bridle, University of York
Переглядів 6122 роки тому
Food and Climate Change - Professor Sarah Bridle, University of York
The Political Economy of Conservation and Food Security - Prof Bhaskar Vira, University of Cambridge
Переглядів 1,9 тис.2 роки тому
The Political Economy of Conservation and Food Security - Prof Bhaskar Vira, University of Cambridge
Should Cats and Dogs go Vegan? - Professor Andrew Knight, University of Winchester
Переглядів 6 тис.2 роки тому
Should Cats and Dogs go Vegan? - Professor Andrew Knight, University of Winchester
Food 2022 Trailer
Переглядів 4272 роки тому
Food 2022 Trailer
Colour and Vision by Anya Hurlbert
Переглядів 3,3 тис.3 роки тому
Colour and Vision by Anya Hurlbert
Blood Sculptures, by Marc Quinn
Переглядів 3,3 тис.3 роки тому
Blood Sculptures, by Marc Quinn
Cold Blood, by Stuart Egginton
Переглядів 1,4 тис.3 роки тому
Cold Blood, by Stuart Egginton
Blood villains and heroes by Rose George
Переглядів 1,6 тис.3 роки тому
Blood villains and heroes by Rose George

КОМЕНТАРІ

  • @TheDynamicmarket
    @TheDynamicmarket 23 години тому

    revoluion is ok if nobody from outside the country finances it. then it is imperialism.

  • @katespellxx9529
    @katespellxx9529 День тому

    Great chat, thank you! Lots of food for thought in there.

  • @dinomiles7999
    @dinomiles7999 2 дні тому

    Nature's Source Code ❤. Nature does NOT make jokes or mistakes ❤! Thats why we humans call it GOD ❤! I thank the universe for folks like Nick ❤. Eyes mind heart and soul wide open. NO FEAR ❤! Don't die, we are coming ❤.

  • @debbygarbato1156
    @debbygarbato1156 3 дні тому

    In another commentary, Dr. Albert said he was asked to speak on this topic by Darwin College. When he told them he was an engineer who dealt in technology and not an archeologist, they still wanted him to do the topic. I think reactions would have been better if it were called something like "Tech Meets Archeology" or something.

  • @amemabastet9055
    @amemabastet9055 5 днів тому

    I like listening to Gilchrist, but this time I feel he is missing an important part. He claims that the act of analysing the implicit "right hemishpere" is the downfall of our culture. Later research shows that the dualistic view of the brain is reductionistic in itself, and false. And there in is the kicker. Gilchrist is, as most of us, steeped in an underlying mental infrastructure based on Force and coercion. The dualistic/hierarchical thought pattern forms our understanding of ourselves when analysed based on utilitaristic and capitalistic frameworks, which is the case IMHO. It isn't the analysis in itself that destroys the magic and implicitness. It's the utilitarian idea that something must have an external and capitalistic value to be of worth, that is the problem. It is, to use the terminology of dr. David Hawkin, time to go from a consciousness based on Force to a consciousness based on Power. It is time to leave the Newtonian and dualist frame of mind where everything must be either-or, defined by its relationship to everything else. The reductionistic approach gives us a plethora of juxtapositions like good-bad, light-dark, god-satan, male-female etc etc ad nauseam. Reality isn't made up of pairs. It would behoov us to apply some sacred geometry instead, to use some Einsteinian logic of 'both-and'. One of my favourite examples is the term democracy. We believe we have democracy, because those in power-over us tell us it is so. But looking at politics, the dualistic scale of left-right is the only thought pattern used for comprehension of the situation. To begin with, the problem is that 'democracy' isn't one thing. It's at least three: the idea of democracy, democratic structure and democratic function. We only have democracy as form, as an idea, but retain the old dualistic and hierarchical structures and functions from the pre-democratic and feudal state. There is another "proof" that we don't have democracy yet. Politics is about left and right. The main idea that divides the two, is that the left want a strong state that controls the money, while the right want a weak state controlled by the money. Demos kraitos (and the latin translation Res Publica) means 'popular thing'. The people is the sole main thing in a democracy. Where on the scale of left-right, strong state-weak state, money controlled-money controling is The People? Exactly. Nowhere. We need at least a triangle to be able to define the one most important group of all in a democracy. The most forgotten and shunned of all groups. Gilchrist says the analysis killed beauty. I say that Utilitarianism killed beauty. There's no money in it in a world were The People and human beings don't count.

  • @wilfergamboa4990
    @wilfergamboa4990 5 днів тому

    Arend & luxemburgo & kuhn = Robespiere

  • @wilfergamboa4990
    @wilfergamboa4990 5 днів тому

    Acto de creacion

  • @PhilipSalen
    @PhilipSalen 5 днів тому

    Nick Lane's contributions to science have been profound. But I like him as a science explainer and writer even more; he brings the biology of the evolution of eukaryotes from archaea and prokaryotes even the evolution of life itself in fascinating detail; incredibly compelling; incredible lecture!

  • @tracydidomenico4345
    @tracydidomenico4345 7 днів тому

    Brilliant!

  • @karakoima
    @karakoima 11 днів тому

    Let a philosopher class recruited from the red-green left joined by some Jordan Petersons rule the world… but of course, McGilchrist has something to say. And one should bloody well enjoy nature. But as for the ”divine”, I suppose us guys and girls with the roots in the working class will have a hard time doing that. Thats for the redgreens and Jordans.

  • @wehsee912
    @wehsee912 11 днів тому

    🌚☄️❤️💫

  • @Praveen-or5ce
    @Praveen-or5ce 12 днів тому

    I love to hear sean’s talks even though i don’t agree with his views

  • @tresajessygeorge210
    @tresajessygeorge210 12 днів тому

    Addendum : Some more CRAZY question / points : 1) Electron is spinning! 2) Proton is vibrating! 3 ) Both make neutron/s chargeless! 4 )Electron keeps everything entangled as well as in order or in disorder (entropy)! 5) That means electron photon interaction... may help us to understand the theoretical points : a) The -e- is there, when we look at it...and not there, when not looking at it... right...!!!??? Therefore the above points may also suggest the ELECTRON being part of the classical science and photon being part of the quantum science...could lead us to the territory of GUT...!!! That means all the theories of all those famous Scientists are the contributors for the present TOE and GUT... in micro and macro levels... A BIT- BY - BIT...!!! THANKS AGAIN DR. SEAN CARROLL...!!!

  • @user-io1nb1wl1u
    @user-io1nb1wl1u 13 днів тому

    I don't agree with you Prof Lane. You mentioned a lot about bacteria. Let me ask you, many bacteria has got over 2000 proteins. These are not just random proteins but highly interactive proteins. How did random mutations get there and how did natural selection select them. In human brain ypu get 100,000 chemical reactions every second via 50 neuropeptides. These interact with 500 components of the brain in varying combinations which humans even don't understand. How did random mutations and natural selection get there.? When take one step, our brain automatically co-ordinates 200 muscles. Our computer systems can not replicate them. How did the 2 mechanisms get there? DNA most complex code known to man. It took 2800 scientists 13 yrs to decode it. Was this code random and a chance occurrence?

    • @mcmanustony
      @mcmanustony 11 днів тому

      Have you tried reading books? Are you allergic?

  • @charlottesills3977
    @charlottesills3977 14 днів тому

    A simply wonderful lecture. I cried.

  • @khairulnaeim756
    @khairulnaeim756 15 днів тому

    Give lecture with wearing that... must be hard...

  • @khairulnaeim756
    @khairulnaeim756 15 днів тому

    Arrrrggg

  • @khairulnaeim756
    @khairulnaeim756 15 днів тому

    Take clown as name college...bullshit...full of crap...full of fantasy... wrong mindset....😂🤥🤣

  • @khairulnaeim756
    @khairulnaeim756 15 днів тому

    Funny this Darwin wonder who give money to him...

  • @khairulnaeim756
    @khairulnaeim756 15 днів тому

    Darwin sounds familiar this name....oh... maybe monkey thing...how stupid...his grandma & father is monkey.... shit... some west believe that...

  • @khairulnaeim756
    @khairulnaeim756 15 днів тому

    Nice to meet you ...Darwin😂

  • @user-ip8uo3kc9l
    @user-ip8uo3kc9l 15 днів тому

    Dr Iain McGilchrist has brought me to that very place fromwhere i know what to do ! Thanks !

  • @vincentzevecke4578
    @vincentzevecke4578 17 днів тому

    An absolutely excellent. I learn more about language games.😊

  • @arunavadasgupta2147
    @arunavadasgupta2147 17 днів тому

    Respected and Honble Sister Good day and Happy Friday From Arunava Dasgupta Mrs KasturiDasgupta Master Debarshree Dasgupta India 03.05.2024 Our family Biography realsed By Former Governor and present Vice President of India Respected And Honble Mr Jagdeep Dhankar on 20.03.2020 In the presence of My Wife Mrs KasturiDasgupta Mr Sanjay Sengupta and Mrs Chiroosree Sengupta I had nice discussion with Mr Jagdeep Dhankar We are blood realation of Desh BandhuChittaranjanDas Barrister from London and freedom fighter His newphew SR Das was Chief justice of India and Vice chancellor of viswa Bharati University Santiniketan West Bengal and closely associated with Rabindra nath Tagore received noble prize in literature Surname of Desh BandhuChittaranjanDas And SR Das are Dasgupta and I have evidence Global leader s voted in my Favour and My name is included in Indian Constitution Next president of India and take oath 2027 Economy Revulation one of the best Revulation How to start the Economy Revulation Find statics of the number of banks in the world and what is the total net worth of those banks Example Global net worth 19billion dollar Not enough for economy Revolution 98billion population in the world Per capitia income of the world population Minimum 500USD Then you can call it Economy Revulation M+918017666980 M+918017047666 India 03.05.2024

  • @julesc1665
    @julesc1665 18 днів тому

    To the people commenting on cat diets may i suggest you take a look at the actual ingredients in commercially manufactured cat food. Only the very expensive cat food is high in animal protein the more popular Felix, Whiskas , Sheba etc contain much less and include vegetable protein to bulk it out. Felix ingredients Meat and Animal Derivatives* (14% of which Chicken 8%), Vegetable Protein Extracts, Fish and Fish Derivatives, Minerals, Various Sugars, *Chunks: 44% Meat and Animal Derivatives.

  • @Giantcrabz
    @Giantcrabz 20 днів тому

    well they're certainly making peaceful dissent impossible, so...

    • @jasongray4517
      @jasongray4517 17 днів тому

      Really? You think peaceful dissent is tolerated to a greater extent in Tehran than UCLA? Grow up.

  • @KennyHBCA1
    @KennyHBCA1 21 день тому

    Why not call it the Alfred Wallace series ?

  • @arranpattison5809
    @arranpattison5809 23 дні тому

    Sums up the main problem with the medical industry and society at large for that matter... It's not about healing and prevention most times, the big picture, (right hemisphere dominant thinking) it's about fixing the individual symptoms, which create side effects which lead to dependence which leads to control... (left hemisphere dominant thinking) It's what happens to government, business, organized religion etc... It becomes divide and conquer because everything becomes scattered... an Empire mentality... It reminds us of the importance of applying balance, humility, consideration, reflection and wisdom in all that we do... 🤔

  • @paololuckyluke2854
    @paololuckyluke2854 24 дні тому

    It seems to me, a perfectly good refutation of the Tractatus is the following: an extremely simple fact can by language be described in the most convoluted of ways.

  • @adan2
    @adan2 24 дні тому

    Précis of Talk for Watchers: Sir Simon Schama follows a classical liberal interpretation of revolution. It begins with transhistorical claims drawn from facile etymological claims to the 'original' meaning of revolution. His contenders are directly English-speaking historians and Anglo historiography, such as Christopher Hill. These are the parameters and the theoretical space of investigation. To be sure, Schama rightly sees the limits of semantics and pedantic observations. To use a concept internal to his observations (which they seem to seldom go into analysis), which may be useful to characterise Schama's general posture toward revolutions- namely include, interpreting transhistorical revolutions in relation to "tactics of incrimination" and the "ritualized hunt of culprits" (~12:30). These heuristic pairs are both Schama's parameters of revolutions. This is a liberal interpretation in that it heavily relies on lamenting rather than clarifying; specifically, as it relates to empirical-historical conditions. Schama's expertise may be squarely in the English revolution. This is both its geographic delimitation as far as it can claim relevance to revolutions of the rest of the world, though the title attempts to fight above its weight-class. This is a talk of the 19th century of the English empire, nothing more - nothing less. It is conversational with the French revolution. This talk runs the risk of being a prolonged bemoaning on the part of Sir Simon Schama. His work is not a scholarly betrayal of conventional literature as Schama claims. It is tangential and derivative at its best (~24:00). His beef with Roger Chartier is entertaining. This talk would have been better if it engaged the ritual of violence (mentioned in 27:00). His self-reflection of the presence of English chauvinism and ironic condescension in the discipline of history is appreciated. It is mentioned in passing, neither theoretically nor epistemically confronted. This talk would have done well to draw on the intellectual history of the idea of oppression (as mentioned in ~32:25).

  • @helenperala3459
    @helenperala3459 24 дні тому

    This is superb!

  • @mobieus7
    @mobieus7 25 днів тому

    Extremely irrational comparisons.

  • @mobieus7
    @mobieus7 25 днів тому

    There is supposed to be something profound about a person who gains awareness so starts overcompensating?

  • @mobieus7
    @mobieus7 25 днів тому

    Peculiar how he always makes the result always be negative for each consideration of an occurrence. 28:05. What if you're a physicist and your office is in the basement because your family takes up the rest of the house?

  • @mobieus7
    @mobieus7 25 днів тому

    This video is just another sign of our addiction to probabilities first, find the data later. Everyone is so motivated to think of what might be the next big thing just so they can have something with their name on it.

  • @Arkalen
    @Arkalen 26 днів тому

    Great talk!

  • @T__G_H867
    @T__G_H867 28 днів тому

    a damning critique of the left… hemisphere

  • @mobieus7
    @mobieus7 28 днів тому

    So I've watched the whole series. The general impression i get from the other lectures is "how this type of risk awareness can be helpful when controlling those around you". This video is how risk awareness controls expectations of population density.

  • @mobieus7
    @mobieus7 28 днів тому

    Bottom line he is saying don't worry about blame. The system has rules for that. This shares many interesting results from studies but he uses them in a way that suggests his desired audience is that of people who are interested in causing conflict and surviving the backlash. Rather than not creating the conflict.

  • @vinodpractical
    @vinodpractical 28 днів тому

    Why would nature select?

  • @mobieus7
    @mobieus7 28 днів тому

    12:20 the presenter does not point out this is when the super rich organizations started buying news reporting companies to "help with marketing".

  • @mobieus7
    @mobieus7 28 днів тому

    10:35. I think the number of views for this series is a nice reflection of how the perceptions given in the series are to be understood : not worth seeing.

  • @mobieus7
    @mobieus7 28 днів тому

    This guy seems to be applying the same sort of logic and understanding that resulted in brexit. 46:05 he says this with a smile on his face. Let that sink in.

  • @hurley-brian
    @hurley-brian 29 днів тому

    Iain has just kicked another door wide open on my journey of self discovery and human understanding. Taking the time to comment after my second time listening to this Lecture. Thank you Iain.

  • @mobieus7
    @mobieus7 29 днів тому

    21:15 she is using the same methods for the role she is describing. Yet, she claims to have awareness?

  • @mobieus7
    @mobieus7 29 днів тому

    21:25. "... Is not the way things work." What you see in the lab will never reflect reality. 25:30. And it takes effort of half of the green lot to make the medication to save the reds, but only 3 use the medication.

  • @mobieus7
    @mobieus7 29 днів тому

    So his example team scores being a metric for predicting probabilities is a straw man argument. if a team coach is looking at the same data but the coach's view is: the same plays result in the same score. then you are just echoing the methods used by the coach but assigning convoluted steps for the same process. Why would they use a play that didn't result in a goal?

  • @condirice9365
    @condirice9365 Місяць тому

    who came here after the Spectator article ? :)

    • @notfroginthewell
      @notfroginthewell 28 днів тому

      haha ME. i guess i might have to thank him for introducing me to this amazing lecture

  • @user-xy1er9wp1j
    @user-xy1er9wp1j Місяць тому

    "Hemisphere hypothesis" is likely a more prudent choice.

  • @MiyamotoMusashi9
    @MiyamotoMusashi9 Місяць тому

    Beauty goodness and truth did have a growth return spawned by scarcity of easy cheap material goods during the covid pandemic, we were becoming generous and appreciative of heirloom goods that were made to last rather than throw away goods . The tail of this trend is these expensive metal cups people are memetic to purchase